KALAMAZOO, Mich.,today announced that -- Researchers at Metabolic Solutions Development Company, LLC (MSDC) have identified a mitochondrial protein complex through which insulin sensitizers achieve their anti-diabetic effects. Findings from this research are being presented August 30 at the Benzon Symposium No. 58 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
The newly identified mitochondrial target is being referred to as the mitochondrial Target of Thiazolidinediones, or mTOT. Key proteins in this complex include Mpc2 (BRP44) and Mpc1 (BRP44-Like), which have recently been shown to function as the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier.
The mTOT complex functions as a molecular "sensor switch" connecting mitochondrial metabolism to important cellular activities, such as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, that are out of balance in patients with type 2 diabetes. Activation of mTOT increases cell differentiation and favors fat oxidation, resulting in increased insulin sensitivity, generation of brown fat and preservation of pancreatic beta cells.
"Identification of this new mitochondrial target, and understanding its role in metabolic signaling, has enabled a new approach to developing the next generation insulin sensitizers for the treatment of type 2 diabetes," said Rolf Kletzein, PhD, MSDC's co-founder and senior vice president of research.
Using a novel drug analog photo-catalyzable affinity probe and mass spectrometry-based proteomics, MSDC scientists identified two phylogenetically-conserved proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane, Mpc2 (BRP44) and Mpc1 (BRP44-Like). These proteins are present in, and play an important role in the development of organisms from yeast and fruit flies to humans. Proof ofidentity has been demonstrated by gene expression and knockdown of expression.
MSDC's discovery suggests the lowering of plasma glucose can be achieved without having to activate the nuclear receptor PPARg. Previously, it was believed that both the activity and the side-effects of the only approved agents used to treat insulin resistance -- the core problem for persons diagnosed with type 2 diabetes -- were mediated through PPARg. However, it is now generally accepted that over-activation of this transcription factor drives the unwanted and often unacceptable side effects associated with the currently approved anti-diabetic insulin sensitizers, which are PPARg agonists.
PR Newswire